Is it HOT where you live? Here in my town (near San Diego) we hit 106
yesterday! Here are some tips I'm passing on that are from NCEH's
Health Studies Branch.
http://www.bt.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/heat_guide.asp
Extreme Heat: A Prevention Guide to Promote Your Personal Health and
Safety
Heat-related deaths and illness are preventable yet annually many
people succumb to extreme heat. Historically, from 1979 to 1999,
excessive heat exposure caused 8,015 deaths in the United States.
During this period, more people in this country died from extreme
heat than from hurricanes, lightning, tornadoes, floods, and
earthquakes combined. In 2001, 300 deaths were caused by excessive
heat exposure.
People suffer heat-related illness when their bodies are unable to
compensate and properly cool themselves. The body normally cools
itself by sweating. But under some conditions, sweating just isn't
enough. In such cases, a person's body temperature rises rapidly.
Very high body temperatures may damage the brain or other vital
organs.
Several factors affect the body's ability to cool itself during
extremely hot weather. When the humidity is high, sweat will not
evaporate as quickly, preventing the body from releasing heat
quickly. Other conditions related to risk include age, obesity,
fever, dehydration, heart disease, mental illness, poor circulation,
sunburn, and prescription drug and alcohol use.
Because heat-related deaths are preventable, people need to be aware
of who is at greatest risk and what actions can be taken to prevent a
heat-related illness or death. The elderly, the very young, and
people with mental illness and chronic diseases are at highest risk.
However, even young and healthy individuals can succumb to heat if
they participate in strenuous physical activities during hot weather.
Air-conditioning is the number one protective factor against heat-
related illness and death. If a home is not air-conditioned, people
can reduce their risk for heat-related illness by spending time in
public facilities that are air-conditioned.
Summertime activity, whether on the playing field or the construction
site, must be balanced with measures that aid the body's cooling
mechanisms and prevent heat-related illness. This pamphlet tells how
you can prevent, recognize, and cope with heat-related health
problems.
What Is Extreme Heat?
Temperatures that hover 10 degrees or more above the average high
temperature for the region and last for several weeks are defined as
extreme heat. Humid or muggy conditions, which add to the discomfort
of high temperatures, occur when a "dome" of high atmospheric
pressure traps hazy, damp air near the ground. Excessively dry and
hot conditions can provoke dust storms and low visibility. Droughts
occur when a long period passes without substantial rainfall. A heat
wave combined with a drought is a very dangerous situation.
==========================
During Hot Weather
To protect your health when temperatures are extremely high, remember
to keep cool and use common sense. The following tips are important:
Drink Plenty of Fluids
During hot weather you will need to increase your fluid intake,
regardless of your activity level. Don't wait until you're thirsty to
drink. During heavy exercise in a hot environment, drink two to four
glasses (16-32 ounces) of cool fluids each hour.
Warning: If your doctor generally limits the amount of fluid you
drink or has you on water pills, ask how much you should drink while
the weather is hot.
Don't drink liquids that contain alcohol, or large amounts of sugar
these actually cause you to lose more body fluid. Also avoid very
cold drinks, because they can cause stomach cramps.
Replace Salt and Minerals
Heavy sweating removes salt and minerals from the body. These are
necessary for your body and must be replaced. If you must exercise,
drink two to four glasses of cool, non-alcoholic fluids each hour. A
sports beverage can replace the salt and minerals you lose in sweat.
However, if you are on a low-salt diet, talk with your doctor before
drinking a sports beverage or taking salt tablets.
Wear Appropriate Clothing and Sunscreen
Wear as little clothing as possible when you are at home. Choose
lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting clothing. Sunburn affects
your body's ability to cool itself and causes a loss of body fluids.
It also causes pain and damages the skin. If you must go outdoors,
protect yourself from the sun by wearing a wide-brimmed hat (also
keeps you cooler) along with sunglasses, and by putting on sunscreen
of SPF 15 or higher (the most effective products say "broad spectrum"
or "UVA/UVB protec